Topic 1: Foundations & Framework
Understanding the historical, constitutional, and structural underpinnings of welfare policies in India.
1.1 Historical Evolution
From pre-independence interventions to the modern rights-based framework.
View Key Sub-topics
- Pre-Independence Period: Genesis of State & Philanthropic Interventions.
- Post-Independence Era: From Centralized Planning to Rights-Based Governance.
- Evolution of Policy Paradigms in Welfare State.
1.2 Typology & Classification
Classifying schemes by funding, objective, and target group.
View Key Sub-topics
- Funding Mechanisms: Central Sector vs. Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
- Classification by Objective, Sector, and Target Group.
- Life-Cycle Approach to Welfare Provision.
1.3 Challenges & Reforms
Addressing implementation bottlenecks through governance and technology.
View Key Sub-topics
- Design and Policy Formulation Deficiencies.
- Ground-Level Implementation Bottlenecks.
- Monitoring, Evaluation, and Accountability Gaps.
- Governance Reforms and Technological Interventions (JAM, DBT, GIS).
Topic 2: Major Schemes by Sector
A deep dive into key schemes across critical sectors of the Indian economy and society.
2.1 Agriculture & Rural Dev.
Farmer income, irrigation, livelihoods, and rural infrastructure.
View Key Schemes
- PM-KISAN, PMFBY
- PMKSY, Jal Jeevan Mission
- MGNREGS, DAY-NRLM
- PMAY-G, PMGSY
2.2 Health & Social Security
Healthcare, nutrition, insurance, and pension schemes.
View Key Schemes
- Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY, HWCs)
- NFSA, POSHAN Abhiyaan
- PMJJBY, PMSBY, APY
- Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)
2.3 Education & Skill Dev.
From school education to skilling for the future workforce.
View Key Schemes
- Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan
- NEP 2020 Initiatives
- PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana
- Start-Up/Stand-Up India
2.4 Social Justice
Welfare for women, children, SC/ST, minorities, and PwDs.
View Key Schemes
- Mission Shakti, Mission Vatsalya
- Van Dhan Vikas Yojana
- Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan
- SMILE Scheme
2.5 Infrastructure
Building modern infrastructure for a growing nation.
View Key Schemes
- PM Gati Shakti
- PMAY-Urban, Smart Cities Mission
- Bharatmala, Sagarmala
- BharatNet, PM-WANI
Topic 3: Cross-Cutting Themes & Future Outlook
Analyzing the overarching themes of governance, finance, and the future trajectory of India's welfare state.
3.1 Digital Governance
The role of technology in enhancing transparency and efficiency.
View Key Concepts
- Digital India, Aadhaar, DPI
- PFMS, DBT Expansion
- Big Data, AI in Governance
- Citizen Engagement (CPGRAMS)
3.2 Institutional Framework
NITI Aayog, cooperative federalism, and the role of local governments.
View Key Concepts
- Role of NITI Aayog
- Centre-State Cooperation
- Role of Local Self-Governments
- Decentralized Planning