UPSC Disaster Management

A Comprehensive Digital Explorer for Mastering Disaster Management Concepts and Frameworks.

Navigate through modules to explore specific topics. Click on a sub-topic to learn more.

Study Modules

Module 1: Foundations of Disaster Management & Global Context
1.1. Core Concepts & Definitions
1.1.1. Hazard: Types, Characteristics, Triggers 1.1.2. Vulnerability: Dimensions, Indicators, Differential Vulnerability 1.1.3. Exposure: Definition, Measurement, Relationship 1.1.4. Risk: Definition, Assessment, Perception, Mapping 1.1.5. Capacity: Definition, Types, Indicators, Assessment 1.1.6. Disaster: Definition, Characteristics, Classification 1.1.7. Resilience: Definition, Building, Measuring 1.1.8. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): Definition, Principles, Pillars
1.2. Classification & Types of Disasters
1.2.1. Natural Disasters
1.2.1.1. Geological Disasters 1.2.1.2. Hydrological Disasters 1.2.1.3. Meteorological/Climatological Disasters 1.2.1.4. Biological Disasters 1.2.1.5. Astronomical Disasters
1.2.2. Anthropogenic (Man-made) Disasters
1.2.2.1. Technological/Industrial Disasters 1.2.2.2. Environmental Degradation Disasters 1.2.2.3. Conflict-Induced & Societal Disasters
1.2.3. Hybrid Disasters 1.2.4. Emerging Threats
1.3. Evolution of Disaster Management Paradigm
1.3.1. Global Shift: From Reactive to Proactive
1.3.1.1. IDNDR 1990-2000 1.3.1.2. Yokohama Strategy (1994) 1.3.1.3. Hyogo Framework (HFA) 2005-2015 1.3.1.4. Sendai Framework (SFDRR) 2015-2030 1.3.1.5. SDGs & DRR Linkages 1.3.1.6. Paris Agreement & DRR
1.3.2. Evolution in India
1.3.2.1. Pre-1990s India 1.3.2.2. Post-1990s India 1.3.2.3. HPC & NCDM Recommendations 1.3.2.4. Five Year Plans & DM
Module 2: Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) - Strategies & Approaches
2.1. The Disaster Management Cycle / Continuum
2.1.1. Pre-Disaster Phase
2.1.1.1. Mitigation Measures 2.1.1.2. Preparedness Strategies
2.1.2. During Disaster (Response)
2.1.3. Post-Disaster Phase (Recovery & Reconstruction)
2.1.3.1. Relief & Rehabilitation 2.1.3.2. Reconstruction 2.1.3.3. Build Back Better (BBB) 2.1.3.4. Psycho-Social Support 2.1.3.5. Long-term Recovery
2.2. Core Principles and Strategies in DRR
2.2.1. Integrated Approach 2.2.2. Decentralization 2.2.3. CBDM 2.2.4. Eco-DRR / NBS 2.2.5. CCA & DRR Linkages 2.2.6. Urban Resilience 2.2.7. Inclusive DRR 2.2.8. Risk Financing & Insurance
2.3. Technology & Innovation in Disaster Management
2.3.1. Geospatial Technologies 2.3.2. ICT in DM 2.3.3. AI & ML 2.3.4. Drones & Robotics 2.3.5. IoT & Sensors 2.3.6. Big Data Analytics 2.3.7. Blockchain 2.3.8. Space Technology (ISRO)
Module 3: Institutional & Legal Framework for Disaster Management in India
3.1. Legal Framework
3.1.1. Disaster Management Act, 2005 3.1.2. NPDM, 2009 3.1.3. NDMP, 2016 (updated) 3.1.4. Other Relevant Acts & Policies
3.2. Institutional Framework at National Level
3.2.1. NDMA 3.2.2. NEC 3.2.3. NDRF 3.2.4. NIDM 3.2.5. Central Ministries & Departments 3.2.6. PMNRF & Other Funds
3.3. State and District Level Framework
3.3.1. SDMA 3.3.2. SEC (State) 3.3.3. SDRF 3.3.4. DDMA 3.3.5. Role of District Collector
3.4. Local Level & Community Participation
3.4.1. PRIs in Rural DM 3.4.2. ULBs in Urban DM 3.4.3. VDMP & School Safety 3.4.4. SHGs, NGOs, Volunteers
3.5. Financial Mechanisms for Disaster Management
3.5.1. NDRF & SDRF 3.5.2. Finance Commission Recommendations 3.5.3. NCCF (historical) 3.5.4. Crop Insurance (PMFBY) 3.5.5. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 3.5.6. CSR in DRR 3.5.7. International Aid
Module 4: Management of Specific Natural Hazards in India
4.1. Earthquakes
4.1.1. Earthquake: Causes, Zones 4.1.2. Earthquake Impact 4.1.3. Earthquake Mitigation 4.1.4. Earthquake Preparedness 4.1.5. Earthquake Response 4.1.6. Earthquake Case Studies 4.1.7. NERMP Initiative
4.2. Tsunami
4.2.1. Tsunami: Causes, Areas 4.2.2. ITEWC (INCOIS) 4.2.3. Tsunami Mitigation & Preparedness 4.2.4. Tsunami Case Study (2004)
4.3. Floods (Incorrect numbering in source, assuming 4.3)
4.3.1. Flood Causes 4.3.2. Flood Types 4.3.3. Flood-prone Regions 4.3.4. Flood Mitigation 4.3.5. Flood Preparedness (was 4.4.5) 4.3.6. Urban Flooding (was 4.4.6) 4.3.7. Flood Case Studies (was 4.4.7) 4.3.8. National Flood Management Policy (was 4.4.8)
4.4. Droughts
4.4.1. Drought: Causes, Types, Areas 4.4.2. Drought Impact 4.4.3. Drought Mitigation & Preparedness 4.4.4. Drought Monitoring & EWS 4.4.5. National Drought Policy & Monsoon Mission
4.5. Cyclones & Storms
4.5.1. Cyclones: Formation, Classification 4.5.2. Cyclone Impact 4.5.3. Cyclone Mitigation 4.5.4. Cyclone Preparedness 4.5.5. NCRMP 4.5.6. Cyclone Case Studies
4.6. Landslides & Avalanches
4.6.1. Landslides: Causes 4.6.2. Vulnerable Regions 4.6.3. Landslide Impact 4.6.4. Landslide Mitigation 4.6.5. Landslide Preparedness 4.6.6. Landslide Case Studies 4.6.7. NDMA Guidelines
4.7. Heatwaves & Coldwaves
4.7.1. Heat/Cold Waves: Causes, Impact 4.7.2. Mitigation & Preparedness 4.7.3. Climate Change Implications
4.8. Forest Fires
4.8.1. Forest Fires: Causes 4.8.2. Forest Fires: Impact & Regions 4.8.3. Prevention & Control 4.8.4. National Action Plan
Module 5: Management of Anthropogenic, Hybrid & Emerging Disasters
5.1. Industrial & Chemical Disasters
5.1.1. Industrial Disasters: Causes 5.1.2. Types of Industrial Disasters 5.1.3. Impact of Industrial Disasters 5.1.4. Legal & Regulatory Framework 5.1.5. Mitigation & Preparedness 5.1.6. Case Studies
5.2. Nuclear & Radiological Emergencies
5.2.1. Nuclear Risks 5.2.2. AERB 5.2.3. Nuclear Preparedness 5.2.4. Nuclear Response 5.2.5. Nuclear Case Studies
5.3. Biological Disasters (Epidemics & Pandemics)
5.3.1. Biological Disasters: Causes 5.3.2. Types: Epidemics & Pandemics 5.3.3. Impact of Biological Disasters 5.3.4. Preparedness Strategies 5.3.5. Response Mechanisms 5.3.6. Legal Framework 5.3.7. Case Study: COVID-19 5.3.8. One Health Approach
5.4. Cyber Disasters & Cyber Security Threats
5.4.1. Types of Cyber Attacks 5.4.2. Impact of Cyber Disasters 5.4.3. Legal & Institutional Framework 5.4.4. Cyber Mitigation 5.4.5. Preparedness & Response
5.5. Urban Infrastructure Failures & Building Collapses
5.5.1. Causes of Infrastructure Failures 5.5.2. Impact of Failures 5.5.3. Mitigation Strategies 5.5.4. Preparedness Measures 5.5.5. Case Studies
5.6. Transportation Accidents
5.6.1. Types of Transportation Accidents 5.6.2. Causes of Accidents 5.6.3. Impact of Accidents 5.6.4. Mitigation Measures 5.6.5. Response to Accidents 5.6.6. Case Study: Balasore Train Accident
Module 6: Cross-Cutting Themes, Best Practices & Future Directions
6.1. Role of Diverse Stakeholders
6.1.1. NGOs & Civil Society 6.1.2. Private Sector 6.1.3. Media 6.1.4. Academia & Research 6.1.5. International Organizations
6.2. Disaster Education, Training & Awareness
6.2.1. DRR in Education 6.2.2. Public Awareness & Mock Drills 6.2.3. Training Programs
6.3. Psychological & Social Aspects of Disasters
6.3.1. Mental Health Impacts (PTSD) 6.3.2. Psychosocial Support 6.3.3. Social Cohesion & Support Systems
6.4. Rehabilitation, Resettlement & Build Back Better (BBB)
6.4.1. Challenges in Rehabilitation 6.4.2. Best Practices in BBB 6.4.3. Equity & Sustainability in Recovery
6.5. Ethics, Governance & Accountability in Disaster Management
6.5.1. Transparency in Funds & Aid 6.5.2. Anti-Corruption Measures 6.5.3. Ethical Dilemmas 6.5.4. Accountability Mechanisms
6.6. Global Cooperation & Humanitarian Diplomacy
6.6.1. India's Role in Global DRR (CDRI) 6.6.2. India's HADR Operations 6.6.3. Cross-border Challenges
6.7. Research, Development & Future Trends
6.7.1. Innovations in EWS & Tech 6.7.2. Data-driven DM & Analytics 6.7.3. Interdisciplinary Research 6.7.4. Future Challenges 6.7.5. Future of Disaster Management